REMIND-MAgPIE: Difference between revisions

From IAMC-Documentation
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{ModelTemplate}}
{{ModelTemplate}}
{{ModelInfoTemplate
{{ModelInfoTemplate
|Name=REMIND
|Name=REMIND-MAgPIE
|Version=1.5
|Version=2.0-4.1
|ModelLink=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/remind/2.1.3; https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/releases/tag/v2.1.3; https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.2.1; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.2.1/
|participation=full
|processState=published
}}
{{InstitutionTemplate
|abbr=PIK
|institution=Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung
|link=https://www.pik-potsdam.de
|country=Germany
}}
}}
{{ScopeMethodTemplate
{{ScopeMethodTemplate
|Objective=REMIND is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy,
|ModelTypeOption=CGE
|GeographicalScopeOption=Global
|Objective=REMIND-MAgPIE is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy,
the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector.
the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector.
REMIND allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and
REMIND-MAgPIE allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and
policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances.
policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances.
|SolutionConceptOption=General equilibrium (closed economy)
|SolutionConcept=MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector;
|SolutionHorizon=REMIND-MAgPIE: Inter-temporal (foresight); MAgPIE: recursive-dynamic;
|SolutionMethodOption=Optimization
|SolutionMethod=MAgPIE: cost minimization;
|BaseYear=2005
|TimeSteps=5
|Horizon=2005-2100
|Nr=12
|PoliciesOption=Emission tax; Emission pricing; Cap and trade; Fuel taxes; Fuel subsidies; Portfolio standard; Capacity targets; Land protection; Pricing carbon stocks
|Concept=Hybrid
|Concept=Hybrid
Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model.
Hybrid model that couples an economic growth model with a detailed energy system model and a simple climate model.
|SolutionMethod=Inter-temporal optimization that maximizes cumulated discounted global welfare: Ramsey-type growth model with Negishi approach to regional welfare aggregation.
|Anticipation=Perfect Foresight
|BaseYear=2005
|TimeSteps=flexible time steps but the default is 5-year time steps until 2050 and 10-year time steps until 2100; the period from 2100-2150 is calculated to avoid distortions due to end effects, but typically we only use the time span 2005-2100 for model applications
|Horizon=2005-2150
|Nr=11
|Region=AFR - Sub-Saharan Africa; CHN - China; EUR - European Union; JPN - Japan; IND - India; LAM - Latin America; MEA - Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia; OAS - other Asian countries (mainly South-East Asia); RUS - Russia; ROW - rest of the World (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa); USA - United States of America;
|PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes.
|PolicyImplementation=Pareto-optimal achievement of policy targets on temperature, radiative forcing, GHG concentration, cumulative carbon budgets, or CO2 emissions over time under full when- and where-flexibility. Implementation of permit allocation rules among regions. Possibility of pre-specified carbon tax pathway. Fossil fuel subsidies and taxes.
}}
}}
{{Socio-economicTemplate}}
{{Socio-economicTemplate
{{Macro-economyTemplate}}
|PopulationOption=Yes (exogenous)
{{EnergyTemplate}}
|GDPOption=Yes (exogenous)
{{Land-useTemplate}}
|EmploymentRateOption=Yes (exogenous)
{{OtherResourcesTemplate}}
|LaborProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous)
{{EmissionClimateTemplate}}
|TotalFactorProductivityOption=Yes (exogenous)
{{InstitutionTemplate
|AutonomousEnergyEfficiencyImprovementsOption=Yes (exogenous)
|abbr=PIK
|ExogenousDriverOption=Labour Productivity
|institution=Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung
|ExogenousDriverText=Calibration of energy efficiency parameters of the production function.
|link=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind
Endogenous learning-by-doing for wind and solar power as well as electric and fuel cell vehicle technologies (global learning curve, internalized spillovers).
|country=Germany
|DevelopmentOption=GDP per capita
}}
{{Macro-economyTemplate
|TradeOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Bioenergy crops; Food crops; Capital; Emissions permits; Non-energy goods
|Trade=Energy goods;
|CostMeasureOption=GDP loss; Welfare loss; Consumption loss
|CoalRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|ConventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|UnconventionalOilRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|ConventionalGasRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|UnconventionalGasRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|UraniumRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|BioenergyRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|WaterRUOption=Yes (process model)
|EnergyESOption=Yes (physical)
|AgricultureESOption=Yes (physical)
|EconomicSectorText=The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types.
|EnergyEnd-useTCOption=Endogenous technological change
}}
{{EnergyTemplate
|EnergyTechnologySubstitutabilityOption=Mostly high substitutability
|ElectricityTechnologyOption=Coal w/o CCS; Coal w/ CCS; Gas w/o CCS; Gas w/ CCS; Oil w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/ CCS; Geothermal power; Nuclear power; Solar power; Solar power-central PV; Solar power-CSP; Wind power; Hydroelectric power
|HydrogenProductionOption=Electrolysis; Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS; Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS
|RefinedLiquidsOption=Bioliquids w/o CCS; Bioliquids w/ CCS; Coal to liquids w/o CCS; Coal to liquids w/ CCS; Oil refining
|RefinedGasesOption=Coal to gas w/o CCS; Biomass to gas w/o CCS
|HeatGenerationOption=CHP (coupled heat and power); Coal heat; Natural gas heat; Oil heat; Biomass heat; Geothermal heat
|GridInfrastructureText=Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level.
Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included.
|PassengerTransportationOption=Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs); Electric LDVs; Hydrogen LDVs; Gasoline LDVs; Passenger trains
|FreightTransportationOption=Heavy duty vehicles
|ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass
|ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Heat pumps; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid
|ConversionTechnology=Heat plants;
|GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; Heat; CO2; H2
|TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints
|TechnologySubstitutionText=Expansion and decline, and system integration are influenced though cost markups rather than constraints.
|EnergyServiceSectorOption=Transportation; Industry; Residential and commercial
|EnergyServiceSectorText=Industry and Residential and Commercial are not treated separately but represented jointly by one Stationary sector (referred to as 'Other Sector').
}}
{{Land-useTemplate
|LandCoverOption=Cropland; Forest; Pasture; Cropland irrigated; Cropland food crops; Cropland feed crops; Cropland energy crops; Managed forest; Natural forest; Built-up area
|AgricultureAndForestryDemandsOption=Agriculture food; Agriculture food crops; Agriculture food livestock; Agriculture feed; Agriculture feed crops; Agriculture feed livestock; Agriculture non-food; Agriculture non-food crops; Agriculture non-food livestock; Agriculture bioenergy; Agriculture residues
|AgriculturalCommoditiesOption=Wheat; Rice; Oilseeds; Other coarse grains; Sugar crops; Ruminant meat; Non-ruminant meat and eggs; Dairy products
|Land-useText=Bioenergy supply from the land-use sector is represented by an emulation of the land-use model MAgPIE.
The emulator focuses on bioenergy supply costs and agricultural emissions.
}}
{{EmissionClimateTemplate
|GHGOption=HFCs; CFCs; SF6; CO2 fossil fuels; CO2 cement; CO2 land use; CH4 energy; CH4 land use; CH4 other; N2O energy; N2O land use; N2O other
|PollutantOption=CO energy; CO land use; CO other; NOx energy; NOx land use; NOx other; VOC energy; VOC land use; VOC other; SO2 energy; SO2 land use; SO2 other; BC energy; BC land use; BC other; OC energy; OC land use; OC other; NH3 energy; NH3 land use
|PollutantText=Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry.
|ClimateIndicatorOption=Temperature change; Concentration: CO2; Concentration: CH4; Concentration: N2O; Concentration: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: CO2; Radiative forcing: CH4; Radiative forcing: N2O; Radiative forcing: F-gases; Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases; Radiative forcing: aerosols; Radiative forcing: AN3A; Radiative forcing: total
|ClimateIndicator=Radiative Forcing (Land Albedo) - Yes (exogenous);
|CarbonDioxideRemovalOption=Bioenergy with CCS; Afforestation; Direct air capture; Enhanced weathering
|Co-LinkagesOption=Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region); Water availability
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 14:43, 21 November 2021

The reference card is a clearly defined description of model features. The numerous options have been organized into a limited amount of default and model specific (non default) options. In addition some features are described by a short clarifying text.

Legend:

  • not implemented
  • implemented
  • implemented (not default option)

A page refresh may be needed after modifying data.


About

Name and version

REMIND-MAgPIE 2.0-4.1

Model link

https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/remind/2.1.3; https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/releases/tag/v2.1.3; https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.2.1; https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.2.1/

Institution

Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.

Documentation

REMIND-MAgPIE documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation

Process state

published



Model scope and methods

Model documentation: Model_scope_and_methods - REMIND-MAgPIE

Model type

  • Integrated assessment model
  • Energy system model
  • CGE
  • CBA-integrated assessment model

Geographical scope

  • Global
  • Regional

Objective

REMIND-MAgPIE is a global multi-regional model incorporating the economy, the climate system and a detailed representation of the energy sector. REMIND-MAgPIE allows for a sophisticated analysis of technology options and policy proposals for climate mitigation. It accounts for economic and energy investments in the model regions, and interregional trade in goods, energy carriers and emissions allowances.

Solution concept

  • Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
  • Partial equilibrium (fixed demand)
  • General equilibrium (closed economy)
  • MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector

Solution horizon

  • Recursive dynamic (myopic)
  • Intertemporal optimization (foresight)
  • MAgPIE: recursive-dynamic
  • REMIND-MAgPIE: Inter-temporal (foresight)

Solution method

  • Simulation
  • Optimization
  • MAgPIE: cost minimization


Temporal dimension

Base year:2005, time steps:5, horizon: 2005-2100

Spatial dimension

Number of regions:12

Time discounting type

  • Discount rate exogenous
  • Discount rate endogenous

Policies

  • Emission tax
  • Emission pricing
  • Cap and trade
  • Fuel taxes
  • Fuel subsidies
  • Feed-in-tariff
  • Portfolio standard
  • Capacity targets
  • Emission standards
  • Energy efficiency standards
  • Agricultural producer subsidies
  • Agricultural consumer subsidies
  • Land protection
  • Pricing carbon stocks


Socio-economic drivers

Model documentation: Socio-economic drivers - REMIND-MAgPIE

Population

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Population age structure

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Education level

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Urbanization rate

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

GDP

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Income distribution

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Employment rate

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Labor productivity

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Total factor productivity

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Autonomous energy efficiency improvements

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)



Macro-economy

Model documentation: Macro-economy - REMIND-MAgPIE

Economic sector

Industry

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Energy

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Transportation

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Residential and commercial

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Agriculture

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Forestry

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Other economic sector

Note: The macro-economic part contains a single sector representation of the entire economy. A generic final good is produced from capital, labor, and different final energy types.

Macro-economy

Trade

  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Gas
  • Uranium
  • Electricity
  • Bioenergy crops
  • Food crops
  • Capital
  • Emissions permits
  • Non-energy goods
  • Energy goods

Cost measures

  • GDP loss
  • Welfare loss
  • Consumption loss
  • Area under MAC
  • Energy system cost mark-up

Categorization by group

  • Income
  • Urban - rural
  • Technology adoption
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Education level
  • Household size

Institutional and political factors

  • Early retirement of capital allowed
  • Interest rates differentiated by country/region
  • Regional risk factors included
  • Technology costs differentiated by country/region
  • Technological change differentiated by country/region
  • Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
  • Constraints on cross country financial transfers

Resource use

Coal

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Conventional Oil

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Unconventional Oil

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Conventional Gas

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Unconventional Gas

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Uranium

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Bioenergy

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Water

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Raw Materials

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Land

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)


Technological change

Energy conversion technologies

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Energy End-use

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Material Use

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Agriculture (tc)

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change



Energy

Model documentation: Energy - REMIND-MAgPIE


Energy technology substitution

Energy technology choice

  • No discrete technology choices
  • Logit choice model
  • Production function
  • Linear choice (lowest cost)
  • Lowest cost with adjustment penalties

Energy technology substitutability

  • Mostly high substitutability
  • Mostly low substitutability
  • Mixed high and low substitutability

Energy technology deployment

  • Expansion and decline constraints
  • System integration constraints

Energy

Electricity technologies

  • Coal w/o CCS
  • Coal w/ CCS
  • Gas w/o CCS
  • Gas w/ CCS
  • Oil w/o CCS
  • Oil w/ CCS
  • Bioenergy w/o CCS
  • Bioenergy w/ CCS
  • Geothermal power
  • Nuclear power
  • Solar power
  • Solar power-central PV
  • Solar power-distributed PV
  • Solar power-CSP
  • Wind power
  • Wind power-onshore
  • Wind power-offshore
  • Hydroelectric power
  • Ocean power

Hydrogen production

  • Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Nuclear thermochemical hydrogen
  • Solar thermochemical hydrogen
  • Electrolysis

Refined liquids

  • Coal to liquids w/o CCS
  • Coal to liquids w/ CCS
  • Gas to liquids w/o CCS
  • Gas to liquids w/ CCS
  • Bioliquids w/o CCS
  • Bioliquids w/ CCS
  • Oil refining

Refined gases

  • Coal to gas w/o CCS
  • Coal to gas w/ CCS
  • Oil to gas w/o CCS
  • Oil to gas w/ CCS
  • Biomass to gas w/o CCS
  • Biomass to gas w/ CCS

Heat generation

  • Coal heat
  • Natural gas heat
  • Oil heat
  • Biomass heat
  • Geothermal heat
  • Solarthermal heat
  • CHP (coupled heat and power)

Grid Infra Structure

Electricity

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Gas

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Heat

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

CO2

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Hydrogen

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Other grid and infrastructure

Note: Generalized transmission and distribution costs are included, but not modeled on an explicit spatial level. Regionalized additional grid and storage costs for renewable integration are included.

Energy end-use technologies

Passenger transportation

  • Passenger trains
  • Buses
  • Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs)
  • Electric LDVs
  • Hydrogen LDVs
  • Hybrid LDVs
  • Gasoline LDVs
  • Diesel LDVs
  • Passenger aircrafts

Freight transportation

  • Freight trains
  • Heavy duty vehicles
  • Freight aircrafts
  • Freight ships

Industry

  • Steel production
  • Aluminium production
  • Cement production
  • Petrochemical production
  • Paper production
  • Plastics production
  • Pulp production

Residential and commercial

  • Space heating
  • Space cooling
  • Cooking
  • Refrigeration
  • Washing
  • Lighting


Land-use

Model documentation: Land-use - REMIND-MAgPIE

Land cover

  • Cropland
  • Cropland irrigated
  • Cropland food crops
  • Cropland feed crops
  • Cropland energy crops
  • Forest
  • Managed forest
  • Natural forest
  • Pasture
  • Shrubland
  • Built-up area

Agriculture and forestry demands

  • Agriculture food
  • Agriculture food crops
  • Agriculture food livestock
  • Agriculture feed
  • Agriculture feed crops
  • Agriculture feed livestock
  • Agriculture non-food
  • Agriculture non-food crops
  • Agriculture non-food livestock
  • Agriculture bioenergy
  • Agriculture residues
  • Forest industrial roundwood
  • Forest fuelwood
  • Forest residues

Agricultural commodities

  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • Other coarse grains
  • Oilseeds
  • Sugar crops
  • Ruminant meat
  • Non-ruminant meat and eggs
  • Dairy products



Emission, climate and impacts

Model documentation: Emissions - REMIND-MAgPIE, Climate - REMIND-MAgPIE, Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE

Greenhouse gases

  • CO2 fossil fuels
  • CO2 cement
  • CO2 land use
  • CH4 energy
  • CH4 land use
  • CH4 other
  • N2O energy
  • N2O land use
  • N2O other
  • CFCs
  • HFCs
  • SF6
  • PFCs

Pollutants

  • CO energy
  • CO land use
  • CO other
  • NOx energy
  • NOx land use
  • NOx other
  • VOC energy
  • VOC land use
  • VOC other
  • SO2 energy
  • SO2 land use
  • SO2 other
  • BC energy
  • BC land use
  • BC other
  • OC energy
  • OC land use
  • OC other
  • NH3 energy
  • NH3 land use
  • NH3 other

Note: Ozone is not modeled as emission, but is an endogenous result of atmospheric chemistry.

Climate indicators

  • Concentration: CO2
  • Concentration: CH4
  • Concentration: N2O
  • Concentration: Kyoto gases
  • Radiative forcing: CO2
  • Radiative forcing: CH4
  • Radiative forcing: N2O
  • Radiative forcing: F-gases
  • Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases
  • Radiative forcing: aerosols
  • Radiative forcing: land albedo
  • Radiative forcing: AN3A
  • Radiative forcing: total
  • Temperature change
  • Sea level rise
  • Ocean acidification
  • Radiative Forcing (Land Albedo) - Yes (exogenous)

Carbon dioxide removal

  • Bioenergy with CCS
  • Reforestation
  • Afforestation
  • Soil carbon enhancement
  • Direct air capture
  • Enhanced weathering

Climate change impacts

  • Agriculture
  • Energy supply
  • Energy demand
  • Economic output
  • Built capital
  • Inequality

Co-Linkages

  • Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region)
  • Energy access: Household energy consumption
  • Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions
  • Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution
  • Food access
  • Water availability
  • Biodiversity
Retrieved from "https://www.iamcdocumentation.eu/index.php?title=REMIND-MAgPIE&oldid=15245"