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|Name=BLUES
|Name=BLUES
|Version=1.0
|Version=1.0
|ModelLink=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0213-y
|participation=full
|processState=published
}}
{{InstitutionTemplate
|abbr=Cenergia
|institution=COPPE/UFRJ
|link=http://www.cenergialab.coppe.ufrj.br/
|country=Brazil
}}
}}
{{ScopeMethodTemplate
{{ScopeMethodTemplate
|Objective=BLUES is a model of Brazilian land use and energy system. The objective of the model is to explore long-term dynamics and impacts resulting from the interaction of energy, emissions and land use constraints under different policy scenarios.
|ModelTypeOption=Integrated assessment model
|Concept=BLUES is a cost-optimization model aiming to represent interactions between human activities and the environment. Such activities include agriculture and industrial activity; energy services demand for mobility, heat and lighting; and environmental protection.
|GeographicalScopeOption=Regional
|SolutionMethod=Perfect Foresight Cost Minimization
|SolutionConceptOption=General equilibrium (closed economy)
|Anticipation=Used in conjunction with the global COFFEE model which determines boundary conditions such as global energy costs and emissions budgets. this allows for globally consistent representation of traded commodities in the national context. Currently under development is a CGE model that will provide global macroeconomic consistency.
|SolutionConceptText=BLUES is partial equilibrium energy-land system model, with integration with the TEA model (CGE model).
|SolutionHorizonOption=Intertemporal optimization (foresight)
|SolutionMethodOption=Optimization
|BaseYear=2010
|BaseYear=2010
|TimeSteps=5 years
|TimeSteps=5 year
|Horizon=2050
|Horizon=2050
|Nr=6
|Nr=5
|Region=Brasil, North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, South;
|TimeDiscountingTypeOption=Discount rate exogenous
|SpatialText=One main region (Brasil) with five sub-regions following the Brazilian geopolitical macro-regions
|PoliciesOption=Emission tax; Emission pricing; Fuel taxes; Fuel subsidies; Feed-in-tariff; Portfolio standard; Capacity targets; Emission standards; Energy efficiency standards; Land protection; Pricing carbon stocks
|PolicyImplementation=Climate policy
Energy policies (System expansion, shares, intermittent source constraints)
Land use policies (food and bio-energy)
}}
}}
{{Socio-economicTemplate
{{Socio-economicTemplate
|ExogenousDriverOption=Exogenous GDP; Energy Technical progress; Materials Technical progress
|PopulationOption=Yes (exogenous)
|ExogenousDriver=Learning-by-doing; Population;
|PopulationAgeStructureOption=Yes (exogenous)
|EducationLevelOption=Yes (exogenous)
|UrbanizationRateOption=Yes (exogenous)
|GDPOption=Yes (exogenous)
|IncomeDistributionOption=Yes (exogenous)
|AutonomousEnergyEfficiencyImprovementsOption=Yes (endogenous)
}}
}}
{{Macro-economyTemplate
{{Macro-economyTemplate
|EconomicSectorOption=Agriculture; Industry; Energy; Transport; Services
|EconomicSector=Households;
|CostMeasureOption=Energy system costs
|TradeOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Electricity; Bioenergy crops; Food crops
|TradeOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Electricity; Bioenergy crops; Food crops
|Trade=Bioenergy products; Diesel; Gasoline; Agriculture;
|CostMeasureOption=Energy system cost mark-up
|InstitutionalAndPoliticalFactorsOption=Technology costs differentiated by country/region; Technological change differentiated by country/region; Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
|CoalRUOption=Yes (process model)
|ConventionalOilRUOption=Yes (process model)
|UnconventionalOilRUOption=Yes (process model)
|ConventionalGasRUOption=Yes (process model)
|UnconventionalGasRUOption=Yes (process model)
|UraniumRUOption=Yes (supply curve)
|BioenergyRUOption=Yes (process model)
|WaterRUOption=Yes (process model)
|RawMaterialsRUOption=Yes (process model)
|LandRUOption=Yes (process model)
|IndustryESOption=Yes (physical)
|EnergyESOption=Yes (physical)
|TransportationESOption=Yes (physical)
|ResidentialAndCommercialESOption=Yes (physical)
|AgricultureESOption=Yes (physical)
|EnergyConversionTechnologyTCOption=Endogenous technological change
|EnergyEnd-useTCOption=Endogenous technological change
|MaterialUseTCOption=Endogenous technological change
|AgricultureTCOption=Endogenous technological change
}}
}}
{{EnergyTemplate
{{EnergyTemplate
|ResourceUseOption=Coal; Oil; Gas; Uranium; Biomass
|EnergyTechnologyChoiceOption=Linear choice (lowest cost)
|ElectricityTechnologyOption=Coal; Gas; Oil; Nuclear; Biomass; Wind; Solar PV; CSS
|EnergyTechnologySubstitutabilityOption=Mixed high and low substitutability
|ConversionTechnologyOption=CHP; Hydrogen; Fuel to gas; Fuel to liquid
|EnergyTechnologyDeploymentOption=System integration constraints
|GridInfrastructureOption=Electricity; Gas; CO2
|ElectricityTechnologyOption=Coal w/o CCS; Coal w/ CCS; Gas w/o CCS; Gas w/ CCS; Oil w/o CCS; Oil w/ CCS; Bioenergy w/o CCS; Bioenergy w/ CCS; Geothermal power; Nuclear power; Solar power; Solar power-central PV; Solar power-distributed PV; Solar power-CSP; Wind power; Wind power-onshore; Wind power-offshore; Hydroelectric power; Ocean power
|TechnologySubstitutionOption=Discrete technology choices; Expansion and decline constraints; System integration constraints
|ElectricityTechnology=Hydrokinetic
|EnergyServiceSectorOption=Transportation; Industry; Residential and commercial
|HydrogenProductionOption=Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS; Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS; Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS; Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS; Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS; Electrolysis
|EnergyServiceSector=Agriculture;
|RefinedLiquidsOption=Gas to liquids w/o CCS; Gas to liquids w/ CCS; Bioliquids w/o CCS; Bioliquids w/ CCS; Oil refining
|RefinedGasesOption=Oil to gas w/o CCS; Oil to gas w/ CCS; Biomass to gas w/o CCS; Biomass to gas w/ CCS
|HeatGenerationOption=Coal heat; Natural gas heat; Oil heat; Biomass heat; CHP (coupled heat and power)
|ElectricityGIOption=Yes (aggregate)
|GasGIOption=Yes (aggregate)
|CO2GIOption=Yes (aggregate)
|HydrogenGIOption=Yes (aggregate)
|PassengerTransportationOption=Passenger trains; Buses; Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs); Electric LDVs; Hydrogen LDVs; Hybrid LDVs; Gasoline LDVs; Diesel LDVs; Passenger aircrafts
|FreightTransportationOption=Freight trains; Heavy duty vehicles; Freight aircrafts; Freight ships
|IndustryOption=Steel production; Aluminium production; Cement production; Petrochemical production; Paper production; Plastics production; Pulp production
|ResidentialAndCommercialOption=Space heating; Space cooling; Cooking; Refrigeration; Washing; Lighting
}}
}}
{{Land-useTemplate
{{Land-useTemplate
|Land-use=Cropland; Extensive Pastures; Forest; Grassland; Intensive Pastures; Protected land; pasture; Integrated Systems; Double Cropping; Savannas;
|LandCoverOption=Cropland; Cropland energy crops; Forest; Managed forest; Natural forest; Pasture
}}
|LandCover=Pasture HighCapacity; Pasture LowCapacity; IntegratedSystems; DoubleCrop; ILPF
{{OtherResourcesTemplate
|AgricultureAndForestryDemandsOption=Agriculture food; Agriculture food crops; Agriculture food livestock; Agriculture feed; Agriculture feed crops; Agriculture feed livestock; Agriculture non-food; Agriculture non-food crops; Agriculture non-food livestock; Agriculture bioenergy; Agriculture residues; Forest fuelwood; Forest residues
|OtherResourceOption=Metals; Cement
|AgriculturalCommoditiesOption=Wheat; Rice; Other coarse grains; Oilseeds; Sugar crops; Ruminant meat; Non-ruminant meat and eggs; Dairy products
|OtherResource=Chemicals;
}}
}}
{{EmissionClimateTemplate
{{EmissionClimateTemplate
|GHGOption=CO2; CH4; N2O
|GHGOption=CO2 fossil fuels; CO2 cement; CO2 land use; CH4 energy; CH4 land use; CH4 other; N2O energy; N2O land use; N2O other
|GHGText=Separated per sector AFOLU, Process Emissions, Combustion
|PollutantOption=NOx energy; NOx land use; NOx other; SO2 energy; SO2 land use; SO2 other
}}
|Pollutant=PM energy; PM land use; PM other
{{InstitutionTemplate
|CarbonDioxideRemovalOption=Bioenergy with CCS; Reforestation; Afforestation; Soil carbon enhancement; Direct air capture
|abbr=Cenergia
|Co-LinkagesOption=Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region); Energy access: Household energy consumption; Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions; Food access; Water availability
|institution=Centro de Economia Energetica e Ambiental/Programa de Planejamento Energetico
|link=http://www.coppe.ufrj.br/pt-br/pesquisa/laboratorios/centro-de-economia-energetica-e-ambiental-cenergia
|modelusers=Alexandre Köberle, Pedro Rochedo, Andre Lucena, Alexandre Szklo, ROberto Schaeffer
|country=Brazil
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 13:39, 3 September 2021

The reference card is a clearly defined description of model features. The numerous options have been organized into a limited amount of default and model specific (non default) options. In addition some features are described by a short clarifying text.

Legend:

  • not implemented
  • implemented
  • implemented (not default option)

A page refresh may be needed after modifying data.


About

Name and version

BLUES 1.0

Model link

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0213-y

Institution

COPPE/UFRJ (Cenergia), Brazil, http://www.cenergialab.coppe.ufrj.br/.

Documentation

BLUES documentation consists of a referencecard and detailed model documentation

Process state

published



Model scope and methods

Model documentation: Model_scope_and_methods - BLUES

Model type

  • Integrated assessment model
  • Energy system model
  • CGE
  • CBA-integrated assessment model

Geographical scope

  • Global
  • Regional


Solution concept

  • Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
  • Partial equilibrium (fixed demand)
  • General equilibrium (closed economy)

Note: BLUES is partial equilibrium energy-land system model, with integration with the TEA model (CGE model).

Solution horizon

  • Recursive dynamic (myopic)
  • Intertemporal optimization (foresight)

Solution method

  • Simulation
  • Optimization


Temporal dimension

Base year:2010, time steps:5 year, horizon: 2050

Spatial dimension

Number of regions:5

Time discounting type

  • Discount rate exogenous
  • Discount rate endogenous

Policies

  • Emission tax
  • Emission pricing
  • Cap and trade
  • Fuel taxes
  • Fuel subsidies
  • Feed-in-tariff
  • Portfolio standard
  • Capacity targets
  • Emission standards
  • Energy efficiency standards
  • Agricultural producer subsidies
  • Agricultural consumer subsidies
  • Land protection
  • Pricing carbon stocks


Socio-economic drivers

Model documentation: Socio-economic drivers - BLUES

Population

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Population age structure

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Education level

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Urbanization rate

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

GDP

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Income distribution

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Employment rate

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Labor productivity

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Total factor productivity

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)

Autonomous energy efficiency improvements

  • Yes (exogenous)
  • Yes (endogenous)



Macro-economy

Model documentation: Macro-economy - BLUES

Economic sector

Industry

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Energy

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Transportation

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Residential and commercial

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Agriculture

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)

Forestry

  • Yes (physical)
  • Yes (economic)
  • Yes (physical & economic)


Macro-economy

Trade

  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Gas
  • Uranium
  • Electricity
  • Bioenergy crops
  • Food crops
  • Capital
  • Emissions permits
  • Non-energy goods

Cost measures

  • GDP loss
  • Welfare loss
  • Consumption loss
  • Area under MAC
  • Energy system cost mark-up

Categorization by group

  • Income
  • Urban - rural
  • Technology adoption
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Education level
  • Household size

Institutional and political factors

  • Early retirement of capital allowed
  • Interest rates differentiated by country/region
  • Regional risk factors included
  • Technology costs differentiated by country/region
  • Technological change differentiated by country/region
  • Behavioural change differentiated by country/region
  • Constraints on cross country financial transfers

Resource use

Coal

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Conventional Oil

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Unconventional Oil

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Conventional Gas

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Unconventional Gas

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Uranium

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Bioenergy

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Water

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Raw Materials

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)

Land

  • Yes (fixed)
  • Yes (supply curve)
  • Yes (process model)


Technological change

Energy conversion technologies

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Energy End-use

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Material Use

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change

Agriculture (tc)

  • No technological change
  • Exogenous technological change
  • Endogenous technological change



Energy

Model documentation: Energy - BLUES


Energy technology substitution

Energy technology choice

  • No discrete technology choices
  • Logit choice model
  • Production function
  • Linear choice (lowest cost)
  • Lowest cost with adjustment penalties

Energy technology substitutability

  • Mostly high substitutability
  • Mostly low substitutability
  • Mixed high and low substitutability

Energy technology deployment

  • Expansion and decline constraints
  • System integration constraints

Energy

Electricity technologies

  • Coal w/o CCS
  • Coal w/ CCS
  • Gas w/o CCS
  • Gas w/ CCS
  • Oil w/o CCS
  • Oil w/ CCS
  • Bioenergy w/o CCS
  • Bioenergy w/ CCS
  • Geothermal power
  • Nuclear power
  • Solar power
  • Solar power-central PV
  • Solar power-distributed PV
  • Solar power-CSP
  • Wind power
  • Wind power-onshore
  • Wind power-offshore
  • Hydroelectric power
  • Ocean power
  • Hydrokinetic

Hydrogen production

  • Coal to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Coal to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Natural gas to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Natural gas to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Oil to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Oil to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Biomass to hydrogen w/o CCS
  • Biomass to hydrogen w/ CCS
  • Nuclear thermochemical hydrogen
  • Solar thermochemical hydrogen
  • Electrolysis

Refined liquids

  • Coal to liquids w/o CCS
  • Coal to liquids w/ CCS
  • Gas to liquids w/o CCS
  • Gas to liquids w/ CCS
  • Bioliquids w/o CCS
  • Bioliquids w/ CCS
  • Oil refining

Refined gases

  • Coal to gas w/o CCS
  • Coal to gas w/ CCS
  • Oil to gas w/o CCS
  • Oil to gas w/ CCS
  • Biomass to gas w/o CCS
  • Biomass to gas w/ CCS

Heat generation

  • Coal heat
  • Natural gas heat
  • Oil heat
  • Biomass heat
  • Geothermal heat
  • Solarthermal heat
  • CHP (coupled heat and power)

Grid Infra Structure

Electricity

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Gas

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Heat

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

CO2

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)

Hydrogen

  • Yes (aggregate)
  • Yes (spatially explicit)


Energy end-use technologies

Passenger transportation

  • Passenger trains
  • Buses
  • Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs)
  • Electric LDVs
  • Hydrogen LDVs
  • Hybrid LDVs
  • Gasoline LDVs
  • Diesel LDVs
  • Passenger aircrafts

Freight transportation

  • Freight trains
  • Heavy duty vehicles
  • Freight aircrafts
  • Freight ships

Industry

  • Steel production
  • Aluminium production
  • Cement production
  • Petrochemical production
  • Paper production
  • Plastics production
  • Pulp production

Residential and commercial

  • Space heating
  • Space cooling
  • Cooking
  • Refrigeration
  • Washing
  • Lighting


Land-use

Model documentation: Land-use - BLUES

Land cover

  • Cropland
  • Cropland irrigated
  • Cropland food crops
  • Cropland feed crops
  • Cropland energy crops
  • Forest
  • Managed forest
  • Natural forest
  • Pasture
  • Shrubland
  • Built-up area
  • Pasture HighCapacity
  • Pasture LowCapacity
  • IntegratedSystems
  • DoubleCrop
  • ILPF

Agriculture and forestry demands

  • Agriculture food
  • Agriculture food crops
  • Agriculture food livestock
  • Agriculture feed
  • Agriculture feed crops
  • Agriculture feed livestock
  • Agriculture non-food
  • Agriculture non-food crops
  • Agriculture non-food livestock
  • Agriculture bioenergy
  • Agriculture residues
  • Forest industrial roundwood
  • Forest fuelwood
  • Forest residues

Agricultural commodities

  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • Other coarse grains
  • Oilseeds
  • Sugar crops
  • Ruminant meat
  • Non-ruminant meat and eggs
  • Dairy products



Emission, climate and impacts

Model documentation: Emissions - BLUES, Climate - BLUES, Non-climate sustainability dimension - BLUES

Greenhouse gases

  • CO2 fossil fuels
  • CO2 cement
  • CO2 land use
  • CH4 energy
  • CH4 land use
  • CH4 other
  • N2O energy
  • N2O land use
  • N2O other
  • CFCs
  • HFCs
  • SF6
  • PFCs

Pollutants

  • CO energy
  • CO land use
  • CO other
  • NOx energy
  • NOx land use
  • NOx other
  • VOC energy
  • VOC land use
  • VOC other
  • SO2 energy
  • SO2 land use
  • SO2 other
  • BC energy
  • BC land use
  • BC other
  • OC energy
  • OC land use
  • OC other
  • NH3 energy
  • NH3 land use
  • NH3 other
  • PM energy
  • PM land use
  • PM other

Climate indicators

  • Concentration: CO2
  • Concentration: CH4
  • Concentration: N2O
  • Concentration: Kyoto gases
  • Radiative forcing: CO2
  • Radiative forcing: CH4
  • Radiative forcing: N2O
  • Radiative forcing: F-gases
  • Radiative forcing: Kyoto gases
  • Radiative forcing: aerosols
  • Radiative forcing: land albedo
  • Radiative forcing: AN3A
  • Radiative forcing: total
  • Temperature change
  • Sea level rise
  • Ocean acidification

Carbon dioxide removal

  • Bioenergy with CCS
  • Reforestation
  • Afforestation
  • Soil carbon enhancement
  • Direct air capture
  • Enhanced weathering

Climate change impacts

  • Agriculture
  • Energy supply
  • Energy demand
  • Economic output
  • Built capital
  • Inequality

Co-Linkages

  • Energy security: Fossil fuel imports & exports (region)
  • Energy access: Household energy consumption
  • Air pollution & health: Source-based aerosol emissions
  • Air pollution & health: Health impacts of air Pollution
  • Food access
  • Water availability
  • Biodiversity
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