Energy conversion - GEM-E3

Model Documentation - GEM-E3
Model scope and methods - GEM-E3 Model concept, solver and details - GEM-E3 Temporal dimension - GEM-E3 Spatial dimension - GEM-E3 Policy - GEM-E3 Socio-economic drivers - GEM-E3 Population - GEM-E3 Economic activity - GEM-E3 Macro-economy - GEM-E3 Production system and representation of economic sectors - GEM-E3 Capital and labour markets - GEM-E3 Monetary instruments - GEM-E3 Trade - GEM-E3 Technological change - GEM-E3 Energy - GEM-E3 Energy resource endowments - GEM-E3 Energy conversion - GEM-E3 Electricity - GEM-E3 Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - GEM-E3 Energy end-use - GEM-E3 Transport - GEM-E3 Residential and commercial sectors - GEM-E3 Industrial sector - GEM-E3 Energy demand - GEM-E3 Technological change in energy - GEM-E3 Land-use - GEM-E3 Emissions - GEM-E3 GHGs - GEM-E3 Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - GEM-E3 Climate - GEM-E3 Non-climate sustainability dimension - GEM-E3 Air pollution and health - GEM-E3 Water - GEM-E3 Other sustainability dimensions - GEM-E3 Appendices - GEM-E3 Mathematical model description - GEM-E3 References - GEM-E3
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMACLIM IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE TIAM-UCL WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of GEM-E3 version unknown
Model information
Model link	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/strategies/analysis/models/docs/gem e3 long en.pdf
Institution	Institute of Communication And Computer Systems (ICCS), Greece, https://www.iccs.gr/en/.
Solution concept	General equilibrium (closed economy)
Solution method	Optimization
Anticipation

Table 3: Alternative power generation technologies

	Coal	Oil	Gas	Coal w/ CCS	Oil w/ CCS	Gas w/ CCS	Biomass	Bio w/ CCS	Non-Biomass renewables	Nuclear	Other
Electricity	x	x	x	x
x	x
x	x
Liquids
Gases
Solids
Heat
Hydrogen
Other

Alternative power generation technologies (conventional: coal, oil, gas and RES: hydro, biomass, solar, wind, coal and gas CCS and nuclear) are represented separately in the GEM-E3. “Electricity” sector represents power transmission and distribution. For the depletable resource sectors (coal, oil, gas) reserves are considered to be a discrete production factor. The international price of the fossil fuel is calculated so as to balance total supply and total demand.

Energy and fuels enter at different levels of the nesting scheme of the production function, always linking the demand for them at a lower level of the nesting scheme to the bundle to which they belong, with different substitution elasticities at each level. This gives finally a cost-minimising demand for energy and fuels. For the non-energy sectors energy is split at the 4th level of production between electricity and fuels. For the sectors whose production is based on natural resources, production is split at the 1st nesting level between fossil fuel resources and an aggregate bundle consisting of capital, labour and material-energy. The latter at the 2nd stage is disaggregated into the material-energy bundle. At the 3rd level the material-energy bundle is divided into its component parts. Production of power supply sectors is split at the 1st level of the power supply sector into the bundle of power producing technologies and the transmission and distribution part. At the 2nd level, all power producing technologies identified in the model are in the same nest. Transmission and distribution bundle is disaggregated to capital, skilled and unskilled labour and materials. For the power producing technologies one level of production function (including capital, labour and fuels) is considered.