Technological change in energy - REMIND-MAgPIE

Model Documentation - REMIND-MAgPIE
Model scope and methods - REMIND-MAgPIE XML-test Model concept, solver and details Model concept, solver and details - REMIND-MAgPIE Temporal dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Spatial dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Policy - REMIND-MAgPIE Socio-economic drivers - REMIND-MAgPIE Population - REMIND-MAgPIE Economic activity - REMIND-MAgPIE Macro-economy - REMIND-MAgPIE Production system and representation of economic sectors - REMIND-MAgPIE Trade - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy resource endowments - REMIND-MAgPIE Fossil energy resources - REMIND-MAgPIE Uranium and other fissile resources - REMIND-MAgPIE Bioenergy - REMIND-MAgPIE Non-biomass renewables - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy conversion - REMIND-MAgPIE Electricity - REMIND-MAgPIE Heat - REMIND-MAgPIE Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy end-use - REMIND-MAgPIE Transport - REMIND-MAgPIE Residential and commercial sectors - REMIND-MAgPIE Industrial sector - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy demand - REMIND-MAgPIE Technological change in energy - REMIND-MAgPIE Land-use - REMIND-MAgPIE Agriculture - REMIND-MAgPIE Forestry - REMIND-MAgPIE Emissions - REMIND-MAgPIE GHGs - REMIND-MAgPIE Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - REMIND-MAgPIE Climate - REMIND-MAgPIE Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Appendices - REMIND-MAgPIE Mathematical model description - REMIND-MAgPIE References - REMIND-MAgPIE
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMACLIM IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE TIAM-UCL WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of REMIND-MAgPIE version 1.7
Model information
Model link	https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/remind/2.1.3 https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/releases/tag/v2.1.3 https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.2.1 https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.2.1/
Institution	Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.
Solution concept	General equilibrium (closed economy)MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector;
Solution method	OptimizationMAgPIE: cost minimization;
Anticipation

REMIND assumes endogenous technological change through learning-by-doing for wind and solar power, electric (BEV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) technologies, as well as variable renewable energy (VRE) storage, through global learning curves and internalized spillovers. The specific investment costs for wind, solar PV, and solar CSP decrease by 12, 20, and 9%, respectively, for each doubling of cumulated capacity. The capital costs of the generalized storage units for VRE, as well as of advanced vehicle technologies (BEV, FCV), decrease with a 10% learning rate. REMIND reduces learning rates as capacities increase such that the investment costs asymptotically approach endogenously prescribed floor costs.

For variable renewable energies, we implemented two parameterized cost markup functions for storage and long-distance transmission grids - see Section "Electricity". To represent the general need for flexibility even in a thermal power system, we included a further flexibility constraint based on Sullivan et al. (2013).

The techno-economic parameters of power technologies used in the model are given in Table 2 Techno-economic characteristics of technologies based on exhaustible energy sources and biomass (Iwasaki 2003; Hamelinck 2004; Bauer 2005; Ansolabehere et al. 2007; Gül et al. 2007; Ragettli 2007; Schulz 2007; Uddin and Barreto 2007; Rubin et al. 2007; Takeshita and Yamaji 2008; Brown et al. 2009; Klimantos et al. 2009; Chen and Rubin 2009).[1] for fuel-based technologies and in Table 3 echno-economic characteristics of technologies based on non-biomass renewable energy sources (Neij et al. 2003; Nitsch et al. 2004; IEA 2007a; Junginger et al. 2008; Pietzcker et al. 2014).[2] for non-biomass renewables. For wind, solar and hydro, capacity factors depend on grades, see Section "Non-biomass renewables"

As discussed in Section "Macro-economy", REMIND represents energy efficiency improvements via an exogenously prescribed increase in the efficiency parameters of the CES production function, as well as price induced reductions in energy demand and changes in technology choice. REMIND represents investment dynamics in terms of capital motion equations, vintages for energy supply technologies and adjustment costs related to the acceleration of capacity expansion (for further details see Section "Energy conversion").