Energy - COFFEE-TEA: Difference between revisions
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TEA includes | COFFEE is designed to meet the demand for energy services (exogenous whether run in a stand-alone basis or when linked to the TEA model), given the competition between technologies and energy sources, with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the system. In COFFEE, the energy sector includes the main elements such as resources and conversion technologies which are used and flow through the different levels of the energy system. The energy sector was disaggregated into three main categories: Refining, Power and Other fuels. | ||
The Refining sector involves the processing of crude oils into several oil products, most of which are energy products, such as liquid fuels. It is a complex sector that response to about 2.7%, 3.2% and 2.0% of total national greenhouse gas emissions of the USA, European Union and Brazil, respectively (MCTI, 2013; PETROBRAS, 2013; EPA, 2014). The Power sector encompasses all the transformation of primary and secondary energy sources into electricity. Other fuels sector is related to energy sources that are not addressed in these sectors. It includes whether solid, liquid of gaseous fuels that fail to fit into the oil refinery and power technology categories. | |||
In order to evaluate such a complex sector, a detailed methodology was adopted[[CiteRef::rochedo2016]], not commonly used in global IAMs. The capacities of all process units were compiled and a refining simulation tool called CAESER (Carbon and Energy Strategy Analysis for Refineries), described in GUEDES (2015) and GUEDES et al.(2016) was used to estimate the oil products production profile and the utilities consumption for each region. The major advantage of the approach used is that it allows estimating the CO2 emissions related to process emissions. | |||
The representation of the energy sector in TEA is based on the COFFEE model, a partium equilibrium (PE) bottom-up model, that provides detailed technological information for the energy system. The soft-link with COFFEE improves energy system analysis, achieving a more comprehensive representation of the energy system. This feature is particularly interesting because COFFEE describes energy conversion technologies based on discrete techniques with pre-defined technological (size, lead time, efficiency, availability, etc.) and economic (overnight costs, fixed and variable O&M costs, contingency factors etc.) variables, thus capturing technological deployment over time in a least cost approach. | |||
The linking procedure between the models relies on base year data harmonization that includes: | The linking procedure between the models relies on base year data harmonization that includes: | ||
Revision as of 21:17, 20 February 2019
Note: The documentation of COFFEE-TEA is 'under review' and is not yet 'published'!| Corresponding documentation | |
|---|---|
| Previous versions | |
| Model information | |
| Model link | |
| Institution | COPPE/UFRJ (Cenergia), Brazil, http://www.cenergialab.coppe.ufrj.br/. |
| Solution concept | General equilibrium (closed economy) |
| Solution method | The COFFEE model is solved through Linear Programming (LP). The TEA model is formulated as a mixed complementary problem (MCP) and is solved through Mathematical Programming System for General Equilibrium -- MPSGE within GAMS using the PATH solver. |
| Anticipation | |
COFFEE is designed to meet the demand for energy services (exogenous whether run in a stand-alone basis or when linked to the TEA model), given the competition between technologies and energy sources, with the objective of minimizing the total cost of the system. In COFFEE, the energy sector includes the main elements such as resources and conversion technologies which are used and flow through the different levels of the energy system. The energy sector was disaggregated into three main categories: Refining, Power and Other fuels.
The Refining sector involves the processing of crude oils into several oil products, most of which are energy products, such as liquid fuels. It is a complex sector that response to about 2.7%, 3.2% and 2.0% of total national greenhouse gas emissions of the USA, European Union and Brazil, respectively (MCTI, 2013; PETROBRAS, 2013; EPA, 2014). The Power sector encompasses all the transformation of primary and secondary energy sources into electricity. Other fuels sector is related to energy sources that are not addressed in these sectors. It includes whether solid, liquid of gaseous fuels that fail to fit into the oil refinery and power technology categories.
In order to evaluate such a complex sector, a detailed methodology was adoptedrochedo2016, not commonly used in global IAMs. The capacities of all process units were compiled and a refining simulation tool called CAESER (Carbon and Energy Strategy Analysis for Refineries), described in GUEDES (2015) and GUEDES et al.(2016) was used to estimate the oil products production profile and the utilities consumption for each region. The major advantage of the approach used is that it allows estimating the CO2 emissions related to process emissions.
The representation of the energy sector in TEA is based on the COFFEE model, a partium equilibrium (PE) bottom-up model, that provides detailed technological information for the energy system. The soft-link with COFFEE improves energy system analysis, achieving a more comprehensive representation of the energy system. This feature is particularly interesting because COFFEE describes energy conversion technologies based on discrete techniques with pre-defined technological (size, lead time, efficiency, availability, etc.) and economic (overnight costs, fixed and variable O&M costs, contingency factors etc.) variables, thus capturing technological deployment over time in a least cost approach.
The linking procedure between the models relies on base year data harmonization that includes:
- energy production and consumption (fossil fuel used in electricity generation, fuel plants energy consumption and non-energy use);
- explicit technological representation of nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass sources;
- implementation of autonomous energy efficiency improvement (AEEI);
- share of power generation and energy trends; and
- GHG emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O).
Data for electricity generation (in energy physical units) and the shares of production factors (capital, labor, services, resources, fuel and land) are inputted into TEA in order to explicitly represent nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass technologies. The production functions of these technologies were changed from CES to typical Leontief structures in order to facilitate that results from COFFEE could be completely embedded by the TEA model. Thus, the substitution elasticity between the different energy inputs is set to equal zero so that there is no substitutability between factors. The power generation branch has fixed input proportions and the penetration of different technologies carriers is determined by the COFFEE model.