Policy - PROMETHEUS

The PROMETHEUS model is used to simulate the implications of various energy and climate policy instruments, including:

• GHG policies
  • Regional emission reduction objective: Implementation of carbon pricing schemes
  • Cumulated CO2 buget: Regional differentiation of emission constraints and carbon pricing to reduce emissions within budget (iterative calculation)
• Energy pricing policies
  • Carbon pricing (either carbon taxation in ETS sectors or carbon values non-ETS sectors)
  • other environmental taxes (e.g. introduction of taxes on fossil fuel production and/or consumption or environmental tax on non-conventional fuels production)
  • Subsidies to renewable energy, electric cars and energy efficiency
  • fossil fuel subsidies (including the possibility to phase out)
• Support policies for specific technologies
  • Electricity generation feed-in tariffs (especially for renewable energy technologies)
  • Acceleration of deployment of low-emission vehicles (e.g. through direct subsidies or low interest loans)
  • Low interest loans or subsidies to capital cost to purchase energy appliances and equipment or to perform energy retrofitting
• Efficiency standards
  • fuel efficiency standards in vehicles and in buildings
  • penetration of low-energy consuming buildings
• Openness to investment, especially in low-carbon technologies
  • Discount rates in low-carbon technology investment
  • Lower discount rates (subsidies to capital) for low-carbon and energy efficient technologies

The PROMETHEUS model calculates several indicators that can be used to inform energy and climate policy impact assessment at regional or global level. These include:

Energy Demand

• Energy intensity of GDP (primary and final energy)
• Energy intensity per unit of value added in industry
• Energy intensity of households’ income
• Energy intensity per inhabitant
• Energy intensity per passenger car
• Electricity consumption per capita in residential sector
• Electricity generated per capita
• Transport fuels per capita
• Performance against overall energy efficiency targets (primary energy and final energy)
• Number of passenger cars per capita

Renewables

• Overall share of RES in primary energy demand
• Share of RES in total power generation
• Share of bio-fuels in fuels used in the transport sector

Power sector

• Share of renewable energy in power generation
• Share of electricity produced by CCS
• Share of intermittent RES in power generation
• Share of nuclear in power generation
• Power generation per capita
• Average load factor of power generation
• Average rate of use of power plant capacities (by type)

Security of Energy Supply

• Overall energy dependence indicator in each region
• Evolution of import fossil fuel prices for the EU
• Developments of global fossil fuel markets for oil, natural gas and coal  
• Share of unconventional oil (extra heavy oil and tar sands) in global oil supply
• Share of Middle East production in global oil production and reserves
• Development of unconventional gas resources (shale, tight and CBM)  

Emissions

• Carbon intensity of GDP
• Carbon intensity of households
• Carbon intensity of the transport sector
• Carbon emissions per capita
• Carbon intensity of power generation
• Share of emissions captured in power generation
• Carbon intensity per unit of final energy in industry/transport/buildings
• Carbon intensity per unit of primary energy

Costs and Prices

• Prices for internationally traded fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas)
• Electricity prices for industries and households (for all regions)
• Unit costs of electricity production
• Investments in the power generation sector and in energy efficiency
• Consumer expenditures on final energy
• Carbon prices  

Note: The documentation of PROMETHEUS is 'under review' and is not yet 'published'!

Model Documentation - PROMETHEUS
Model scope and methods - PROMETHEUS Model concept, solver and details - PROMETHEUS Temporal dimension - PROMETHEUS Spatial dimension - PROMETHEUS Policy - PROMETHEUS Socio-economic drivers - PROMETHEUS Population - PROMETHEUS Economic activity - PROMETHEUS Energy - PROMETHEUS Energy resource endowments - PROMETHEUS Fossil energy resources - PROMETHEUS Uranium and other fissile resources - PROMETHEUS Bioenergy - PROMETHEUS Non-biomass renewables - PROMETHEUS Energy conversion - PROMETHEUS Electricity - PROMETHEUS Heat - PROMETHEUS Gaseous fuels - PROMETHEUS Liquid fuels - PROMETHEUS Solid fuels - PROMETHEUS Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - PROMETHEUS Energy end-use - PROMETHEUS Transport - PROMETHEUS Residential and commercial sectors - PROMETHEUS Industrial sector - PROMETHEUS Other end-use - PROMETHEUS Energy demand - PROMETHEUS Technological change in energy - PROMETHEUS Land-use - PROMETHEUS Agriculture - PROMETHEUS Forestry - PROMETHEUS Land-use change - PROMETHEUS Bioenergy land-use - PROMETHEUS Other land-use - PROMETHEUS Agricultural demand - PROMETHEUS Technological change in land-use - PROMETHEUS Emissions - PROMETHEUS GHGs - PROMETHEUS Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - PROMETHEUS Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - PROMETHEUS Climate - PROMETHEUS Modelling of climate indicators - PROMETHEUS Climate damages, temperature changes - PROMETHEUS Non-climate sustainability dimension - PROMETHEUS Air pollution and health - PROMETHEUS Water - PROMETHEUS Other materials - PROMETHEUS Other sustainability dimensions - PROMETHEUS Appendices - PROMETHEUS Mathematical model description - PROMETHEUS Data - PROMETHEUS References - PROMETHEUS
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMACLIM IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE TIAM-UCL WITCH
Previous versions
No previous version available
Model information
Model link	https://e3modelling.com/modelling-tools/prometheus/
Institution	E3Modelling (E3M), Greece, https://e3modelling.com/modelling-tools.
Solution concept	Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
Solution method	Simulation
Anticipation	Energy system simulation.Foresight is included only is some sub-modules (i.e. electricity generation)