Energy - EPPA
Note: The documentation of EPPA is 'in preparation' and is not yet 'published'!| Corresponding documentation | |
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| Previous versions | |
| No previous version available | |
| Model information | |
| Model link | |
| Institution | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, https://globalchange.mit.edu/. |
| Solution concept | General equilibrium (closed economy) |
| Solution method | Optimization |
| Anticipation | |
In standard EPPA, it considers various types of primary energy, including 1) coal, 2) crude oil, 3) gas, 4) nuclear, 5) hydro, 6) wind, 7) solar, and 8) bio-energy. Per the crude oil, it is further converted into the refined oil, which is then consumed by intermediate and final use. On the other hand, the bio-energy considered in EPPA includes the first-generation biofuels, which are made from different types of food crops, and the second-generation cellulosic biofuels derived from non-food crops and waste biomass (EPA, 2022).[1]
Depending on the research need, there are also different versions of the model that were developed to offer more options of energy sources (e.g., hydrogen (Sandoval et al., 2009)[2]), or higher resolution on energy types (e.g., separating crude oil into conventional crude and tar sand (Chan et al., 2012),[3] and disaggregating refined oil into gasoline and diesel (Choumert et al., 2006),[4] Ramberg and Chen (2015)[5]). More details about the energy reserves and flows will be provided later.
- ↑ EPA (2022). Economics of Biofuels. The US Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/economics-biofuels#:~:text=First%20generation%20biofuels%20are%20made,ethanol%2C%20butanol%2C%20and%20propanol. (Accessed on August 8, 2022)
- ↑ Sandoval, R., V. Karplus, S. Paltsev and J. Reilly (2009): Modeling prospects for hydrogen powered transportation through 2100. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 43(3): 291-316 (http://www.bath.ac.uk/e-journals/jtep/)
- ↑ Chan, G., J.M. Reilly, S. Paltsev, Y.-H.H. Chen (2012): The Canadian oil sands industry under carbon constraints. Energy Policy, 50: 540-550 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.056)
- ↑ Choumert, F., S. Paltsev and J. Reilly (2006): Improving the Refining Sector in EPPA. Joint Program Technical Note TN #9, 56 pgs (http://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/14089)
- ↑ Ramberg, D.J. and Y.-H.H. Chen (2015): Updates to disaggregating the refined oil sector in EPPA: EPPA6-ROIL. Joint Program Technical Note TN #15, December, 33 p. (http://globalchange.mit.edu/publication/16271)