Emissions - GEM-E3
| Corresponding documentation | |
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| Previous versions | |
| Model information | |
| Model link | |
| Institution | Institute of Communication And Computer Systems (ICCS), Greece, https://www.iccs.gr/en/. |
| Solution concept | General equilibrium (closed economy) |
| Solution method | Optimization |
| Anticipation | |
The objective of the environment module is to represent the effect of environmental policy on the EU economy and on the state of the environment.
Compared to other currently available models, the aim of the introduction of a environment module is to improve the analysis in the following four directions:
- Integrated analysis of environmental and energy objectives on a European scale, e.g. energy security versus clean air.
- Representation of a larger set of environmental policy instruments at different levels: standards, taxes, tradable permits; international, national, sectoral.
- Integrated analysis of different environmental problems: simultaneous analysis of global warming and acid rain policy.
- Comparative evaluation of source and receptor oriented: damage valuation versus uniform emission reductions.
The environmental sub-model focuses on three important environmental problems:
- Global warming through CO2 emissions
- Problems related to the deposition of acidifying emissions
- Ambient air quality linked to acidifying emissions and ozone concentration.
Hence, we consider energy-related emissions of CO2, NOx, SO2, VOC1 and particulate, which are the main source of air pollution. Combustion processes almost exclusively generate the pollutants. Regarding the problem of global warming, CO2 is responsible for more than 60% of the radiate forcing (IPCC, 1990). In a later stage other GHGs (CH4, CFC, N2O) will be introduced in the model.