Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - POLES

Model Documentation - POLES
Model scope and methods - POLES Model concept, solver and details - POLES Temporal dimension - POLES Spatial dimension - POLES Policy - POLES Socio-economic drivers - POLES Population - POLES Economic activity - POLES Macro-economy - POLES Production system and representation of economic sectors - POLES Energy - POLES Energy resource endowments - POLES Fossil energy resources - POLES Uranium and other fissile resources - POLES Bioenergy - POLES Non-biomass renewables - POLES Energy conversion - POLES Electricity - POLES Heat - POLES Gaseous fuels - POLES Liquid fuels - POLES Solid fuels - POLES Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - POLES Energy end-use - POLES Transport - POLES Residential and commercial sectors - POLES Industrial sector - POLES Other end-use - POLES Energy demand - POLES Technological change in energy - POLES Land-use - POLES Emissions - POLES Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) options - POLES Climate - POLES Non-climate sustainability dimension - POLES Appendices - POLES Data - POLES References - POLES
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of POLES version ADVANCE
Model information
Model link	http://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/poles https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/poles-jrc-model-documentation-0
Institution	JRC - Joint Research Centre - European Commission (EC-JRC), Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/.
Solution concept	Partial equilibrium (price elastic demand)
Solution method	SimulationRecursive simulation
Anticipation	Myopic

Own use of the energy sector

Fossil fuel extraction

POLES describes explicitely the direct energy use, and the corresponding emissions, of the following fuels: - tar sands - extra heavy oil - oil shale

All other energy use related to fossil fuel extraction is captured in one single factor, expressed by fuel as a % of the energy production and kepy constant over time at the last historical value.

Refineries

The energy use in the refining sector is captured through a coefficient, expressed as a % of the demand for oil product, kept constant over time at the last historical vakue

Others

Other own-energy uses are captured through a coefficient, expressed by fuel as a % of primary energy demand, kept constant over time at the last historical value.

Losses in Transport & Distribution

Grids and pipelines are not modelled explicitly. Pipelines are captured through transport costs as compared to other trade routes.

Losses in T&D are expressed by fuel as a % of final energy use, and by default kept constant at the last historical value.

They can be adjusted depending on the scenario (for instance to capture a decrease in electricity losses, ..).