References - IMACLIM

Model Documentation - IMACLIM
Model scope and methods - IMACLIM Model concept, solver and details - IMACLIM Temporal dimension - IMACLIM Spatial dimension - IMACLIM Policy - IMACLIM Socio-economic drivers - IMACLIM Population - IMACLIM Economic activity - IMACLIM Macro-economy - IMACLIM Production system and representation of economic sectors - IMACLIM Capital and labour markets - IMACLIM Monetary instruments - IMACLIM Trade - IMACLIM Technological change - IMACLIM Energy - IMACLIM Energy resource endowments - IMACLIM Fossil energy resources - IMACLIM Energy conversion - IMACLIM Electricity - IMACLIM Liquid fuels - IMACLIM Energy end-use - IMACLIM Transport - IMACLIM Residential and commercial sectors - IMACLIM Industrial sector - IMACLIM Other end-use - IMACLIM Energy demand - IMACLIM Technological change in energy - IMACLIM Land-use - IMACLIM Emissions - IMACLIM GHGs - IMACLIM Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - IMACLIM Climate - IMACLIM Modelling of climate indicators - IMACLIM Appendices - IMACLIM Mathematical model description - IMACLIM
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMACLIM IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE TIAM-UCL WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of IMACLIM version R1.0
Model information
Model link	http://dina.centre-cired.fr/IMACLIM/Description-des-modeles-IMACLIM/?lang=en https://github.com/GaelleLeTreut/IMACLIM-Country/tree/V1.1 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02949396/document
Institution	Centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), France, http://www.centre-cired.fr., Societe de Mathematiques Appliquees et de Sciences Humaines (SMASH), France, http://www.smash.fr.
Solution concept	General equilibrium (closed economy)
Solution method	SimulationImaclim-R is implemented in Scilab, and uses the fonction fsolve from a shared C++ library to solve the static equilibrium system of non-linear equations.
Anticipation	Recursive dynamics: each year the equilibrium is solved (system of non-linear equations), in between two years parameters to the equilibrium evolve according to specified functions.

References with IMACLIM-R scenarios only

Bibas, Ruben, and Aurélie Méjean. 2014. “Potential and Limitations of Bioenergy for Low Carbon Transitions.” Climatic Change 123 (3-4): 731–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0962-6.

Bibas, Ruben, Aurélie Méjean, and Meriem Hamdi-Cherif. 2015. “Energy Efficiency Policies and the Timing of Action: An Assessment of Climate Mitigation Costs.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 137–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.05.003.

Briera, Thibault, and Julien Lefèvre. 2024. “Reducing the Cost of Capital Through International Climate Finance to Accelerate the Renewable Energy Transition in Developing Countries.” Energy Policy 188 (May): 114104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114104.

Crassous, Renaud, Jean-Charles Hourcade, and Olivier Sassi. 2006. “Endogenous Structural Change and Climate Targets Modeling Experiments with Imaclim-R.” The Energy Journal SI2006 (01). https://doi.org/10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-VolSI2006-NoSI1-13.

Fisch-Romito, Vivien, and Céline Guivarch. 2019. “Transportation Infrastructures in a Low Carbon World: An Evaluation of Investment Needs and Their Determinants.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 72 (July): 203–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.014.

Guivarch, Céline, Renaud Crassous, Olivier Sassi, and Stéphane Hallegatte. 2011. “The Costs of Climate Policies in a Second-Best World with Labour Market Imperfections.” Climate Policy 11 (1): 768–88. https://doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2009.0012.

Guivarch, Céline, Stéphane Hallegatte, and Renaud Crassous. 2009. “The Resilience of the Indian Economy to Rising Oil Prices as a Validation Test for a Global Energy–Environment–Economy CGE Model.” Energy Policy 37 (11): 4259–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.025.

Guivarch, Céline, and Sandrine Mathy. 2012. “Energy-GDP Decoupling in a Second Best World—a Case Study on India.” Climatic Change 113 (2): 339–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0354-8.

Guivarch, Céline, and Stéphanie Monjon. 2017. “Identifying the Main Uncertainty Drivers of Energy Security in a Low-Carbon World: The Case of Europe.” Energy Economics 64 (May): 530–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.04.007.

Guivarch, Céline, Stéphanie Monjon, Julie Rozenberg, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. 2015. “Would Climate Policy Improve the European Energy Security?” Climate Change Economics 06 (02): 1550008. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007815500086.

Guivarch, Céline, Julie Rozenberg, and Vanessa Schweizer. 2016. “The Diversity of Socio-Economic Pathways and CO2 Emissions Scenarios: Insights from the Investigation of a Scenarios Database.” Environmental Modelling & Software 80 (June): 336–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.006.

Hamdi-Cherif, Meriem, Céline Guivarch, and Philippe Quirion. 2011. “Sectoral Targets for Developing Countries: Combining ‘Common but Differentiated Re-Sponsibilities’ with ‘Meaningful Participation’.” Climate Policy 11 (1): 731–51. https://doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2009.0070.

Mathy, Sandrine, and Céline Guivarch. 2010. “Climate Policies in a Second-Best World—A Case Study on India.” Energy Policy, Security, Prosperity and Community – Towards a Common European Energy Policy? Special Section with Regular Papers, 38 (3): 1519–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.035.

Méjean, Aurélie, Céline Guivarch, Julien Lefèvre, and Meriem Hamdi-Cherif. 2019. “The Transition in Energy Demand Sectors to Limit Global Warming to 1.5 °C.” Energy Efficiency 12 (2): 441–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9682-0.

Ó Broin, Eoin, and Céline Guivarch. 2017. “Transport Infrastructure Costs in Low-Carbon Pathways.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 55 (August): 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.11.002.

Rozenberg, Julie, Céline Guivarch, Robert Lempert, and Stéphane Hallegatte. 2014. “Building SSPs for Climate Policy Analysis: A Scenario Elicitation Methodology to Map the Space of Possible Future Challenges to Mitigation and Adaptation.” Climatic Change 122 (3): 509–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0904-3.

Rozenberg, Julie, Stéphane Hallegatte, Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Olivier Sassi, Céline Guivarch, Henri Waisman, and Jean-Charles Hourcade. 2010. “Climate Policies as a Hedge Against the Uncertainty on Future Oil Supply: A Letter.” Climatic Change 101 (3-4): 663–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9868-8.

Sassi, Olivier, Renaud Crassous, Jean Charles Hourcade, Vincent Gitz, Henri Waisman, and Celine Guivarch. 2010. “IMACLIM-R: A Modelling Framework to Simulate Sustainable Development Pathways.” International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 10 (1/2): 5. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGENVI.2010.030566.

Séférian, Roland, Matthias Rocher, Céline Guivarch, and Jeanne Colin. 2018. “Constraints on Biomass Energy Deployment in Mitigation Pathways: The Case of Water Scarcity.” Environmental Research Letters 13 (5): 054011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabcd7.

Waisman, Henri-David, Christophe Cassen, Meriem Hamdi-Chérif, and Jean-Charles Hourcade. 2014. “Sustainability, Globalization, and the Energy Sector Europe in a Global Perspective.” The Journal of Environment & Development 23 (1): 101–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496513516466.

Waisman, Henri-David, Celine Guivarch, and Franck Lecocq. 2013. “The Transportation Sector and Low-Carbon Growth Pathways: Modelling Urban, Infrastructure, and Spatial Determinants of Mobility.” Climate Policy 13 (sup01): 106–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2012.735916.

Waisman, Henri, Céline Guivarch, Fabio Grazi, and Jean Charles Hourcade. 2012. “The Imaclim-R Model: Infrastructures, Technical Inertia and the Costs of Low Carbon Futures Under Imperfect Foresight.” Climatic Change 114 (1): 101–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0387-z.

Waisman, Henri, Julie Rozenberg, and Jean Charles Hourcade. 2013. “Monetary Compensations in Climate Policy Through the Lens of a General Equilibrium Assessment: The Case of Oil-Exporting Countries.” Energy Policy 63: 951–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.08.055.

Waisman, Henri, Julie Rozenberg, Olivier Sassi, and Jean-Charles Hourcade. 2012. “Peak Oil Profiles Through the Lens of a General Equilibrium Assessment.” Energy Policy 48 (September): 744–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.005.

References from Model Intercomparison Projects

Bauer, Nico, Valentina Bosetti, Meriem Hamdi-Cherif, Alban Kitous, David McCollum, Aurélie Méjean, Shilpa Rao, et al. 2015. “CO2 Emission Mitigation and Fossil Fuel Markets: Dynamic and International Aspects of Climate Policies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 243–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.009.

Bauer, Nico, Steven K. Rose, Shinichiro Fujimori, Detlef P. van Vuuren, John Weyant, Marshall Wise, Yiyun Cui, et al. 2018. “Global Energy Sector Emission Reductions and Bioenergy Use: Overview of the Bioenergy Demand Phase of the EMF-33 Model Comparison.” Climatic Change, July. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2226-y.

Bertram, Christoph, Nils Johnson, Gunnar Luderer, Keywan Riahi, Morna Isaac, and Jiyong Eom. 2015. “Carbon Lock-in Through Capital Stock Inertia Associated with Weak Near-Term Climate Policies.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.001.

Blanford, Geoffrey J., Elmar Kriegler, and Massimo Tavoni. 2014. “Harmonization Vs. Fragmentation: Overview of Climate Policy Scenarios in EMF27.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 383–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0951-9.

Daioglou, Vassilis, Matteo Muratori, Patrick Lamers, Shinichiro Fujimori, Alban Kitous, Alexandre C. Köberle, Nico Bauer, et al. 2020. “Implications of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on International Bioenergy Trade.” Climatic Change 163 (3): 1639–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02877-1.

Daioglou, Vassilis, Steven K. Rose, Nico Bauer, Alban Kitous, Matteo Muratori, Fuminori Sano, Shinichiro Fujimori, et al. 2020. “Bioenergy Technologies in Long-Run Climate Change Mitigation: Results from the EMF-33 Study.” Climatic Change, August. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02799-y.

Harmsen, Mathijs, Elmar Kriegler, Detlef P van Vuuren, Kaj-Ivar van der Wijst, Gunnar Luderer, Ryna Cui, Olivier Dessens, et al. 2021. “Integrated Assessment Model Diagnostics: Key Indicators and Model Evolution.” Environmental Research Letters 16 (5): 054046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf964.

Kim, Son H., Kenichi Wada, Atsushi Kurosawa, and Matthew Roberts. 2014. “Nuclear Energy Response in the EMF27 Study.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 443–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1098-z.

Koelbl, Barbara Sophia, Machteld A. van den Broek, André P. C. Faaij, and Detlef P. van Vuuren. 2014. “Uncertainty in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Deployment Projections: A Cross-Model Comparison Exercise.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 461–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-1050-7.

Krey, Volker, Gunnar Luderer, Leon Clarke, and Elmar Kriegler. 2014. “Getting from Here to There – Energy Technology Transformation Pathways in the EMF27 Scenarios.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 369–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0947-5.

Kriegler, Elmar, Nils Petermann, Volker Krey, Valeria Jana Schwanitz, Gunnar Luderer, Shuichi Ashina, Valentina Bosetti, et al. 2015. “Diagnostic Indicators for Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Policy.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.020.

Kriegler, Elmar, Keywan Riahi, Nico Bauer, Valeria Jana Schwanitz, Nils Petermann, Valentina Bosetti, Adriana Marcucci, et al. 2015. “Making or Breaking Climate Targets: The AMPERE Study on Staged Accession Scenarios for Climate Policy.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.021.

Kriegler, Elmar, John P. Weyant, Geoffrey J. Blanford, Volker Krey, Leon Clarke, Jae Edmonds, Allen Fawcett, et al. 2014. “The Role of Technology for Achieving Climate Policy Objectives: Overview of the EMF 27 Study on Global Technology and Climate Policy Strategies.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 353–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0953-7.

Leblanc, Florian, Ruben Bibas, Silvana Mima, Matteo Muratori, Shogo Sakamoto, Fuminori Sano, Nico Bauer, et al. 2022. “The Contribution of Bioenergy to the Decarbonization of Transport: A Multi-Model Assessment.” Climatic Change 170 (3-4): 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03245-3.

Lefèvre, Julien, Thomas Le Gallic, Panagiotis Fragkos, Jean-François Mercure, Yeliz Simsek, and Leonidas Paroussos. 2022. “Global Socio-Economic and Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios Through the Lens of Structural Change.” Global Environmental Change 74 (May): 102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102510.

Luderer, Gunnar, Valentina Bosetti, Michael Jakob, Marian Leimbach, Jan C. Steckel, Henri Waisman, and Ottmar Edenhofer. 2012. “The Economics of Decarbonizing the Energy System—Results and Insights from the RECIPE Model Intercomparison.” Climatic Change 114 (1): 9–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0105-x.

Luderer, Gunnar, Enrica DeCian, Jean-Charles Hourcade, Marian Leimbach, Henri Waisman, and Ottmar Edenhofer. 2012. “On the Regional Distribution of Mitigation Costs in a Global Cap-and-Trade Regime.” Climatic Change 114 (1): 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0408-6.

Luderer, Gunnar, Volker Krey, Katherine Calvin, James Merrick, Silvana Mima, Robert Pietzcker, Jasper Van Vliet, and Kenichi Wada. 2014. “The Role of Renewable Energy in Climate Stabilization: Results from the EMF27 Scenarios.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 427–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0924-z.

Lynch, Cormac, Yeliz Simsek, Jean-Francois Mercure, Panagiotis Fragkos, Julien Lefèvre, Thomas Le Gallic, Kostas Fragkiadakis, et al. 2024. “Structural Change and Socio-Economic Disparities in a Net Zero Transition.” Economic Systems Research, July, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2024.2371306.

Marangoni, G., M. Tavoni, V. Bosetti, E. Borgonovo, P. Capros, O. Fricko, D. E. H. J. Gernaat, et al. 2017. “Sensitivity of Projected Long-Term CO2 Emissions Across the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.” Nature Climate Change 7 (2): 113–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3199.

McCollum, David, Nico Bauer, Katherine Calvin, Alban Kitous, and Keywan Riahi. 2014. “Fossil Resource and Energy Security Dynamics in Conventional and Carbon-Constrained Worlds.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 413–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0939-5.

McCollum, David L., Charlie Wilson, Michela Bevione, Samuel Carrara, Oreane Y. Edelenbosch, Johannes Emmerling, Céline Guivarch, et al. 2018. “Interaction of Consumer Preferences and Climate Policies in the Global Transition to Low-Carbon Vehicles.” Nature Energy 3 (8): 664–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0195-z.

Müller-Casseres, Eduardo, Florian Leblanc, Maarten van den Berg, Panagiotis Fragkos, Olivier Dessens, Hesam Naghash, Rebecca Draeger, et al. 2024. “International Shipping in a World Below 2 °C.” Nature Climate Change, May, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01997-1.

Riahi, Keywan, Elmar Kriegler, Nils Johnson, Christoph Bertram, Michel den Elzen, Jiyong Eom, Michiel Schaeffer, et al. 2015. “Locked into Copenhagen Pledges — Implications of Short-Term Emission Targets for the Cost and Feasibility of Long-Term Climate Goals.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90 (January): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.09.016.

Rose, StevenK., Elmar Kriegler, Ruben Bibas, Katherine Calvin, Alexander Popp, DetlefP. Vuuren, and John Weyant. 2014. “Bioenergy in Energy Transformation and Climate Management.” Climatic Change 123 (3-4): 477–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0965-3.

Sugiyama, Masahiro, Osamu Akashi, Kenichi Wada, Amit Kanudia, Jun Li, and John Weyant. 2014. “Energy Efficiency Potentials for Global Climate Change Mitigation.” Climatic Change 123 (3): 397–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0874-5.

Tavoni, Massimo, Enrica De Cian, Gunnar Luderer, Jan Christoph Steckel, and Henri Waisman. 2012. “The Value of Technology and of Its Evolution Towards a Low Carbon Economy.” Climatic Change 114 (1): 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0294-3.

Vrontisi, Zoi, Gunnar Luderer, Bert Saveyn, Kimon Keramidas, Aleluia Reis Lara, Lavinia Baumstark, Christoph Bertram, et al. 2018. “Enhancing Global Climate Policy Ambition Towards a 1.5 °C Stabilization: A Short-Term Multi-Model Assessment.” Environmental Research Letters 13 (4): 044039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab53e.

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Krey, Volker, Gunnar Luderer, Leon Clarke, and Elmar Kriegler. 2014. “Getting from Here to There–Energy Technology Transformation Pathways in the Emf27 Scenarios.” Climatic Change 123 (3-4). Springer: 369–82.

Kriegler, Elmar, Nils Petermann, Volker Krey, Valeria Jana Schwanitz, Gunnar Luderer, Shuichi Ashina, Valentina Bosetti, et al. 2015. “Diagnostic Indicators for Integrated Assessment Models of Climate Policy.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 90. Elsevier: 45–61.

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