Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE

Model Documentation - REMIND-MAgPIE
Model scope and methods - REMIND-MAgPIE XML-test Model concept, solver and details Model concept, solver and details - REMIND-MAgPIE Temporal dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Spatial dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Policy - REMIND-MAgPIE Socio-economic drivers - REMIND-MAgPIE Population - REMIND-MAgPIE Economic activity - REMIND-MAgPIE Macro-economy - REMIND-MAgPIE Production system and representation of economic sectors - REMIND-MAgPIE Trade - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy resource endowments - REMIND-MAgPIE Fossil energy resources - REMIND-MAgPIE Uranium and other fissile resources - REMIND-MAgPIE Bioenergy - REMIND-MAgPIE Non-biomass renewables - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy conversion - REMIND-MAgPIE Electricity - REMIND-MAgPIE Heat - REMIND-MAgPIE Grid, pipelines and other infrastructure - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy end-use - REMIND-MAgPIE Transport - REMIND-MAgPIE Residential and commercial sectors - REMIND-MAgPIE Industrial sector - REMIND-MAgPIE Energy demand - REMIND-MAgPIE Technological change in energy - REMIND-MAgPIE Land-use - REMIND-MAgPIE Agriculture - REMIND-MAgPIE Forestry - REMIND-MAgPIE Emissions - REMIND-MAgPIE GHGs - REMIND-MAgPIE Pollutants and non-GHG forcing agents - REMIND-MAgPIE Climate - REMIND-MAgPIE Non-climate sustainability dimension - REMIND-MAgPIE Appendices - REMIND-MAgPIE Mathematical model description - REMIND-MAgPIE References - REMIND-MAgPIE
Corresponding documentation
AIM-Hub BLUES C3IAM COFFEE-TEA DNE21+ GCAM GEM-E3 GRACE IFs IMAGE MESSAGE-GLOBIOM POLES PROMETHEUS REMIND-MAgPIE TIAM-UCL WITCH
Previous versions
Archive of REMIND-MAgPIE version 1.7
Model information
Model link	https://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/sustainable-solutions/models/remind https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/remind/2.1.3 https://github.com/remindmodel/remind/releases/tag/v2.1.3 https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie/releases/tag/v4.2.1 https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.2.1/
Institution	Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.
Solution concept	General equilibrium (closed economy)MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector;
Solution method	OptimizationMAgPIE: cost minimization;
Anticipation

Air pollution

Emissions of air pollutants are derived as described in section "GHGs".

Water

The water module of REMIND represents water demand for electricity production and is extensively described in Mouratiadou et al. (2016; submitted). The description that follows is based on excerpts from these two papers. More extensive details on the methodology can be found in their Supplementary Online Materials, while a summary is provided below.

In REMIND, water demand for electricity production represents requirements associated to cleaning, cooling, and other process related needs (e.g. flue gas desulfurization). Both the water withdrawal and water consumption indicators are quantified. All four principal cooling systems are considered, those being once-through open systems (with freshwater or sea water), recirculating wet towers, pond cooling, and dry towers.

Based on these indicators and cooling systems, REMIND carries out an ex-post estimation of operational water demand for the electricity sector, by combining exogenous information on the water requirements per electricity and cooling technology with endogenous information on the electricity mix and technology vintages. Thermoelectric power plant cooling requirements are estimated as a function of excess heat, as opposed to a function of electricity output. Therefore, differences in water intensities in time or across regions due to differences in power plant thermal efficiencies and the age structure of thermal power plants are taken explicitly into account.

In sum, our estimate of water demand for electricity is based on the mix of electricity production technologies, the shares of cooling technologies, the water withdrawal and water consumption intensities, the vintage structures and the power plant thermal efficiencies. Global water withdrawal and consumption for thermal power technologies (WTt) are calculated by multiplying the excess heat from thermal power plants with the share of technology vintages (Vin), the vintage-specific share (csh) of different cooling technologies (cl), and the cooling technology specific water withdrawal or consumption coefficient for excess heat (cheat) and summing over regions, technologies and vintages.

<figure id="fig:REMIND_3.2.1 6"> File:Water REMIND 1.PNG </figure>

Global water withdrawal and consumption for non-biomass renewable technologies elr (WRt) are estimated in a similar manner, only that they are based on electricity output (El) and electricity output-based coefficients instead of excess heat.

<figure id="fig:REMIND_3.2.1 7"> File:Water REMIND 2.PNG </figure>

Water withdrawal and consumption coefficients per electricity output are based on Macknick et al. (2011; 2012), and have been converted into the coefficients for excess heat for the thermal power plant technologies (cheat) by back calculating the respective value for the US for 2005. The shares of cooling technologies per electricity technology are deduced from Kyle et al. (2013).

Currently, the electricity water demand estimates do not include water demand for fossil fuel extraction or for the irrigation of bioenergy crops. Additionally, water quantity and quality constraints, or the costs and technical characteristics of various cooling technologies, are not taken explicitly into account.