Electricity - REMIND-MAgPIE

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Model Documentation - REMIND-MAgPIE

Corresponding documentation
Previous versions
Model information
Model link
Institution Potsdam Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), Germany, https://www.pik-potsdam.de.
Solution concept General equilibrium (closed economy)MAgPIE: partial equilibrium model of the agricultural sector;
Solution method OptimizationMAgPIE: cost minimization;
Anticipation

Around twenty electricity generation technologies are represented in REMIND, see <xr id="tab:REMIND_electricity_technologies"/>, with several low-carbon (CCS) and zero carbon options (nuclear and renewables).


Table 1. Energy Conversion Technologies for Electricity (Note: † indicates that technologies can be combined with CCS). <figtable id="tab:REMIND_electricity_technologies">

Energy Conversion Technologies for Electricity
Energy Carrier Technology
Primary exhaustible resource
Coal
  • Conventional coal power plant
  • Integrated coal gasification combined cycle†
  • Coal combined heat and power plant
Oil
  • Diesel oil turbine
Gas
  • Gas turbine
  • Natural gas combined cycle†
  • Gas combined heat and power plant
Uranium
  • Light water reactor
Primary renewable resource
Solar
  • Solar photovoltaic
  • Concentrating solar power
Wind
  • Wind turbine
Hydropower
  • Hydropower
Biomass
  • Integrated biomass gasification combined cycle†
  • Biomass combined heat and power plant
Geothermal
  • Hot dry rock
Secondary energy type
Hydrogen
  • Hydrogen turbine

</figtable>

<figure id="fig:REMINDtable_4"> 54067596.jpg </figure>

Table 2. Techno-economic characteristics of technologies based on exhaustible energy sources and biomass [1]; [2]; [3]; [4]; [5]; [6]; [7]; [8]; [9]; [10]; [11]; [12]; [13].

<figtable id="tab:REMINDtable_5"> Remind Table 5.PNG </figtable>

Abbreviations: PC - pulverized coal, IGCC - integrated coal gasification combined cycle, CHP - coal combined heat and power plant, C2H2 - coal to hydrogen, C2L - coal to liquids, C2G - coal gasification, NGT - natural gas turbine, NGCC - natural gas combined cycle, SMR - steam methane reforming, BIGCC – Biomass IGCC, BioCHP – biomass combined heat and power, B2H2 – biomass to hydrogen, B2L – biomass to liquids, B2G – biogas, TNR - thermo-nuclear reactor; * for joint production processes; § nuclear reactors with thermal efficiency of 33%; # technologies with exogenously improving efficiencies. 2005 values are represented by the lower end of the range. Long-term efficiencies (reached after 2045) are represented by high-end ranges.

For variable renewable energies, we implemented two parameterized cost markup functions for storage and long-distance transmission grids - see Section Grid and Infrastructure. To represent the general need for flexibility even in a thermal power system, we included a further flexibility constraint based on Sullivan [14].

The techno-economic parameters of power technologies used in the model are given in <xr id="tab:REMINDtable_5"/> for fuel-based technologies and <xr id="tab:REMINDtable_6"/> for non-biomass renewables. For wind, solar and hydro, capacity factors depend on grades, see Section Non-biomass renewables.

Table 3. Techno-economic characteristics of technologies based on non-biomass renewable energy sources [15]; [16]; [17]; [18]; [19].

<figtable id="tab:REMINDtable_6"> Remind Table 6.PNG </figtable>

  1. ↑ Iwasaki 2003
  2. ↑ Hamelinck 2004
  3. ↑ Bauer 2005
  4. ↑ Ansolabehere et al. 2007
  5. ↑ Gül et al. 2007
  6. ↑ Ragettli 2007
  7. ↑ Schulz 2007
  8. ↑ Uddin and Barreto 2007
  9. ↑ Rubin et al. 2007
  10. ↑ Takeshita and Yamaji 2008
  11. ↑ Brown et al. 2009
  12. ↑ Klimantos et al. 2009
  13. ↑ Chen and Rubin 2009
  14. ↑ Sullivan et al. (2013)
  15. ↑ Neij et al. 2003
  16. ↑ Nitsch et al. 2004
  17. ↑ IEA 2007a
  18. ↑ Junginger et al. 2008
  19. ↑ Pietzcker et al. 2014
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